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GSE18500
Mus musculus
35 Downloadable Samples
Description
Although mast cells elicit proinflammatory and type I IFN responses upon VSV infection, in response to L.monocytogenes (L.m) or S. Typhimurium (S.t), such cells elicit a transcriptional program devoid of type I IFN response.
Publication Title
Mast cells elicit proinflammatory but not type I interferon responses upon activation of TLRs by bacteria.
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Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
Description
The Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne disease present in several countries of Africa and Middle East. It is caused by RVF virus which can infect both humans and animals. In humans, it leads to various manifestations including hepatitis, encephalitis and death, while in domestic animals it usually causes miscarriage in pregnant females and it is often fatal for the newborn. Not all people or animal infected by the virus present the same disease. Some patients exhibit unapparent or moderate febrile reactions, while others develop severe symptoms. This observation suggests that host genetic factors play a role in controlling the outcome of infection. In this work, we compare the response of two different inbred strains of mice, MBT/Pas and BALB/cByJ, to infection with RVF virus. These strains exhibit different profiles of susceptibility to RVF virus infection. Indeed, MBT/Pas mice rapidly develop high viraemia and die soon after infection, while BALB/cByJ mice have a lower viraemia and die later. Interestingly, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) obtained from MBT/Pas foetuses allows higher viral production than BALB/cByJ MEFs.
Publication Title
A new mouse model reveals a critical role for host innate immunity in resistance to Rift Valley fever.
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Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 7 Downloadable Samples
Description
To acquire more information regarding the local immune events during the different phases of S. aureus infection, gene profiling using microarray technology was used to identify host genes whose expression is substantively altered in the kidneys during the acute (T2) and persistent phase of infection (T28). Genes associated with the distinct transcript profiles were identified by comparing the relative abundance of transcripts at 2 days (acute) and 28 days (persistent) of infection to their abundance in the kidneys of uninfected control animals (CTL).
Publication Title
The dynamics of T cells during persistent Staphylococcus aureus infection: from antigen-reactivity to in vivo anergy.
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Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Description
Role for naturally occurring CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) in counterbalancing this process. Using a transgenic murine model for autoimmune-mediated lung disease, we demonstrated that, despite pulmonary inflammation, lung-specific CD8+ T cells can reside quiescently in close proximity to self-antigen. Whereas self-reactive CD8+ T cells in the inflamed lung and lung-draining lymph nodes down-regulated the expression of effector molecules, those located in the spleen appeared to be partly antigen-experienced and displayed a memory-like phenotype. Since ex vivo-reisolated self-reactive CD8+ T cells were very well capable to respond to the antigen in vitro, we investigated a possible contribution of nTregs to the immune control over autoaggressive CD8+ T cells in the lung.
Publication Title
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are dispensable for controlling CD8+ T cell-mediated lung inflammation.
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Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 5 Downloadable Samples
Description
Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare cholestatic disease of unknown etiology that affects infants and shows an incidence of 1 out of 18,000 live births in Europe (1). The first therapeutic option is a timely performed portoenterostomy. However, the majority of patients suffer from a progressive inflammatory process, which leads to complete destruction of the extra- and intrahepatic biliary system followed by end-stage liver cirrhosis. Hence, BA is the leading indication for pediatric liver transplantation worldwide (2, 3). To understand the pathogenesis of the disease and improve theoutcome of BA patients, research has focused on the inflammatory process in liver and bile ducts, in which several factors are remarkably elevated, such as activated CD4 and CD8 T-cells, TNF alpha,IFN alpha and other proinflammatory TH1 cytokines (3-8). By the time of diagnosis, however, the disease has already reached an advanced state, characterized by the complete obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts with impaired bile flow and fibrosis or cirrhosis of the liver. Therefore, studies in humans focusing on the trigger mechanism of BA are limited due to the paucity of liver and availability of bile duct tissue for research. One infectious animal model has been developed, in which newborn Balb/c mice exclusively show the experimental BA phenotype after infection with rhesus rotavirus (RRV) (9, 10). This model allows the analysis of the inflammatory reactions in liver and bile ducts at early steps in the development of bile duct atresia (11-20). Furthermore, inbred mouse strains have been shown to have a different susceptibility for the development of experimental BA, suggesting that Balb/c mice have an immunological gap responsible for disease progression (10, 12). The aim of this study was to identify key genes responsible for the BA phenotype by comparing the transcriptomes at an early time point after virus infection, i.e. before bile duct atresia, between two mouse strains with different susceptibilities to BA. Differences in the virus titration and the clinical course of infected mice were analyzed, and variations in the hepatic gene response assessed by comparative microarray assays were correlated to variances in the hepatic inflammatory reaction.
Publication Title
Susceptibility to experimental biliary atresia linked to different hepatic gene expression profiles in two mouse strains.
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Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 3 Downloadable Samples
Description
In the VILLIN-HA/CL4-TCR transgenic mouse model a population of CD8 T cells with suppressive capacities was indentified. For the molecular characterisation of CD8 regulatory T cells gene comparative expression profiles of naive, activated and regulatory CD8 T cells were performed.
Publication Title
No associated publication
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Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 2 Downloadable Samples
Description
The zinc finger transcription factor growth-factor-independent-1 (Gfi1) has been involved in various cellular differentiation processes. Gfi1 acts as a transcriptional repressor and splicing control factor upon binding to cognate binding sites in regulatory elements of its target genes. Here, we report that Gfi1-deficient mice develop autoimmunity. Gfi1-deficient peripheral B-cells show a hyperproliferative phenotype, leading to expansion of plasma cells, increased levels of nuclear autoantibodies, and immunoglobulin deposition in brain and kidneys. Dysregulation of multiple transcription factors and cell-cycle control elements may contribute to B-cell dependent autoimmunity. Gfi1 thus emerges as a novel master-regulator restricting autoimmunity.
Publication Title
No associated publication
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Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 2 Downloadable Samples
Description
Naturally occurring CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) are currently intensively characterized because of their major importance in modulating host responses to tumors and infections, in preventing transplant rejection, and in inhibiting the development of autoimmunity and allergy. Originally, CD4+ T reg cells were identified exclusively by the constitutive expression of CD25, and many in vivo experiments have been performed using depleting antibodies directed against CD25. However, both the existence of CD25 T reg cells, especially within peripheral tissues, as well as the expression of CD25 on activated conventional T cells, which precludes discrimination between T reg cells and activated conventional T cells, limits the interpretation of data obtained by the use of anti-CD25 depleting antibodies. The most specific T reg cell marker currently known is the forkhead box transcription factor Foxp3, which has been shown to be expressed specifically in mouse CD4+ T reg cells and acts as a master switch in the regulation of their development and function. To address the question of the in vivo role of T reg cells in immunopathology, we have generated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)transgenic mice termed depletion of regulatory T cell (DEREG) mice, which express a diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) enhanced GFP (eGFP) fusion protein under the control of the foxp3 locus, allowing both detection and inducible depletion of Foxp3+ T reg cells. The gene expression profile of both CD4+eGFP+FoxP3+ and CD4+eGFPnegFoxP3neg cells isolated from DEREG mice was here analyzed by micro array.
Publication Title
Immunostimulatory RNA blocks suppression by regulatory T cells.
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Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Clariom S Human array (clariomshuman)
Description
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogenous respiratory disease mainly caused by smoking. Respiratory infections constitute a major risk factor for acute worsening of COPD symptoms or COPD exacerbation. Mitochondrial functionality, which is crucial for the execution of physiologic functions of metabolically active cells, is impaired in airway epithelial cells (AECs) of COPD patients as well as smokers. However, the potential contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in AECs to progression of COPD, infection-triggered exacerbations in AECs and a potential mechanistic link between mitochondrial and epithelial barrier dysfunction is unknown to date. In this study, we used an in vitro COPD exacerbation model based on AECs exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) followed by infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp). The levels of oxidative stress, as an indicator of mitochondrial stress were quantified upon CSE and Sp. The expression of proteins associated with mitophagy, mitochondrial content and biogenesis as well as mitochondrial fission and fusion was quantified upon CSE and Sp. Transcriptional AEC profiling was performed to identify the potential changes in innate immune pathways and correlate them with mitochondrial function. We found that CSE exposure substantially altered mitochondrial function in AECs by suppressing mitochondrial complex protein levels, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing mitochondrial stress and mitophagy. Moreover, CSE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction correlated with reduced enrichment of genes involved in apical junctions and innate immune responses to Sp, particularly type I interferon responses. Together, our results demonstrated that CSE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to impaired innate immune responses to Sp and may thus trigger COPD exacerbation.
Publication Title
Cigarette Smoke Extract Disturbs Mitochondria-Regulated Airway Epithelial Cell Responses to Pneumococci.
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Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
Description
The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to the environment and displays a favorable niche for colonizing microorganisms. However, the effects of respiratory bacterial carriage on the immune system and its implications for secondary responses remain largely unclear. We have employed respiratory carriage with Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) as the underlying model to comprehensively address effects on subsequent immune responses. Persistent carriage was associated with the stimulation of Bordetella-specific CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell responses and broad transcriptional activation was observed in CD4+CD25+ T cells. Importantly, transfer of lymphocytes from persistent carriers to acutely B. bronchiseptica infected mice resulted in a significantly increased bacterial burden in the recipients upper respiratory tract. In contrast, we found that B. bronchiseptica carriage resulted in a significant benefit for the host in systemic infection with Listeria monocytogenes. At the same time, vaccination and influenza A virus infection were unaffected. These data demonstrate that there are significant immune modulatory processes triggered by persistent B. bronchiseptica carriage that differentially affect subsequent immune responses. Thereby our results demonstrate the complexity of immune regulation induced by persistent bacterial carriage in the respiratory tract that can be beneficial or detrimental to the host, depending on the pathogen and the considered compartment.
Publication Title
No associated publication
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Specimen part
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