In homeostasis of adult vertebrate tissues, stem cells are thought to self-renew by infrequent and asymmetric divisions that generate another stem cell daughter and a progenitor daughter cell committed to differentiate. This model is based largely on in vivo invertebrate or in vitro mammal studies. Here we examine the dynamic behaviour of adult hair follicle stem cells in their normal setting by employing mice with repressible H2B-GFP expression to track cell divisions and Cre inducible mice to perform long-term single cell lineage tracing. We provide direct evidence for the infrequent stem cell division model in intact tissue. Moreover, we find that differentiation of progenitor cells occurs at different times and tissue locations than self-renewal of stem cells. Distinct fates of differentiation or self-renewal are assigned to individual cells in a temporal-spatial manner. We propose that large clusters of tissue stem cells behave as populations, whose maintenance involves unidirectional daughter-cell fate decisions.
Distinct self-renewal and differentiation phases in the niche of infrequently dividing hair follicle stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesRepro9 in an allele of Mybl1 (A-Myb) transcription factor obtained in ENU screen to identify alleles causing mouse infertility. Repro9/repro9 mutant males are infertile due to meiotic arrest at pachytene stage. Mutants show wide range of abnormalities including inefficient chromosome synapsis, sex body formation and progression through meiotic cycle. Females are unaffected. To determine genes transcriptionally regulated by MYBL1 we analyzed gene expression profiles of wild type and repro9/repro9 mutant testis at 14 and 17 days postpartum. Analysis revealed many misregulated genes, in majority downregulated, at day 14 pp and even more at day 17 pp, probably due to secondary effects of meiotic arrest. Significantly misregulated genes were characterized by Gene Ontology. Comparative gene expression analysis uncovered potential targets of MYBL1 regulation that play roles in regulation of transcription, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination, chromosome organization and others.
No associated publication
Specimen part
View SamplesAccumulating data support the concept that ionizing radiation therapy (RT) has the potential to convert the tumor into an in situ, individualized vaccine; however this potential is rarely realized by RT alone. Transforming growth factor (TGF) is an immunosuppressive cytokine that is activated by RT and inhibits the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells and the differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that TGF hinders the ability of RT to promote anti-tumor immunity. Development of tumor-specific immunity was examined in a pre-clinical model of metastatic breast cancer.
No associated publication
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesTumor associated macrophages are contributing to local invasion, angiogensis, and metastasis during the progression of many kinds of tumor including glioma
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells promote neovascularization in glioma by disrupting the blood-brain barrier.
Specimen part
View SamplesPartial hepatectomy, resection of a portion of liver mass, indues significant liver regenerative responses that consist of numerous genetic changes. To identify specific genetic changes, we compare the liver of mice underwent either hepatectomy or sham operation.
No associated publication
Specimen part
View SamplesThe goal of this study was to identify genes that are differentially expressed after genetic deletion of both alleles of the Cyp26a1 gene in murine embryonic stem cells. Cyp26a1 codes for the CYP26A1 enzyme which metabolizes RA to polar RA metabolites, such as 4-oxo-RA and 4-OH-RA. CYP26A1-/- ES cells do not metabolize RA within 48 hours of RA treatment while in Wt ES cells, polar RA metabolites are already detectable by 8 hr. In addition, the absence of CYP26A1 enzyme increases intracellular RA levels. By gene microarray analysis, we wanted to identify genes that would be affected by the lack of the Cyp26a1 gene.
CYP26A1 knockout embryonic stem cells exhibit reduced differentiation and growth arrest in response to retinoic acid.
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View SamplesGene expression in FOXO KO vs WT brain
No associated publication
Specimen part
View SamplesThis study was undertaken in order to characterize the functions of Rex-1 and identify potential Rex-1 target genes.Both alleles of the Rex-1 gene were disrupted in J1 mouse embryonic stem cells. Gene expression levels in one of the resulting Rex-1 knockout cell lines was compared to that of J1 wild type cells.
Analysis of Rex1 (zfp42) function in embryonic stem cell differentiation.
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Exploiting microRNA and mRNA profiles generated in vitro from carcinogen-exposed primary mouse hepatocytes for predicting in vivo genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
Specimen part, Compound
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Integrating factor analysis and a transgenic mouse model to reveal a peripheral blood predictor of breast tumors.
Specimen part
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