In skeletal muscle differentiation, muscle-specific genes are regulated by two groups of transcription factors, the MyoD and MEF2 families, which work together to drive the differentiation process. Here we show that ERK5 regulates muscle cell fusion through Klf transcription factors. The inhibition of ERK5 activity suppresses muscle cell fusion with minimal effects on the expression of MyoD, MEF2, and their target genes. Promoter analysis coupled to microarray assay reveals that Klf-binding motifs are highly enriched in the promoter regions of ERK5-dependent upregulated genes. Remarkably, Klf2 and Klf4 expression are also upregulated during differentiation in an ERK5-dependent manner, and knockdown of Klf2 or Klf4 specifically suppresses muscle cell fusion. Moreover, we show that the Sp1 transcription factor links ERK5 to Klf2/4, and that nephronectin, a Klf transcriptional target, is involved in muscle cell fusion. Therefore, an ERK5/Sp1/Klf module plays a key role in the fusion process during skeletal muscle differentiation.
ERK5 regulates muscle cell fusion through Klf transcription factors.
Cell line, Time
View SamplesThe adult mammalian brain is composed of distinct regions that have specialized roles. The BF/POA regions are thought to have an important role in the regulation of sleep/wake behavior. However, genetic markers of the responsible cells for the regulation of sleep/wake behavior are largely unknown. To identify the molecular markers of the BF/POA regions, we sampled the BF/POA regions and compared gene expression in the BF/POA regions with those of other brain regions which we previously reported in the BrainStars (B*) project, in which we sampled ~50 small brain regions, including sensory centers and centers for motion, time, memory, fear, and feeding.
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Chrm1 and Chrm3 Are Essential for REM Sleep.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesSerum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor that binds to the serum response element (SRE) of genes that are expressed in response to mitogens. SRF plays essential roles in muscle and nervous system development; however, little is known about the role of SRF during liver growth and function. To examine the function of SRF in the liver, we generated mice in which the Srf gene was specifically disrupted in hepatocytes. The survival of mice lacking hepatic SRF activity was lower than that of control mice; moreover, surviving mutant mice were smaller and had lower blood glucose and triglyceride levels compared with control mice. Srf-deficient livers were also smaller than control livers, hepatocyte morphology was abnormal, and liver-cell proliferation and viability was compromised. Gene array and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of SRF depleted livers revealed a reduction in mRNAs encoding components of the growth hormone/IGF1 pathway, cyclins, several metabolic regulators, and cytochrome p450 enzymes. Conclusion: SRF is essential for hepatocyte proliferation and survival, liver function, and control of postnatal body growth by regulating hepatocyte gene expression.
Hepatocyte expression of serum response factor is essential for liver function, hepatocyte proliferation and survival, and postnatal body growth in mice.
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View SamplesThe xylose fermentation capability of an industrainl Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was enhanced by adaptive evolution. Eight homozygots were generated by tetrads dissection.
Comparative transcriptomes reveal novel evolutionary strategies adopted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with improved xylose utilization capability.
Genetic information
View SamplesThe xylose fermentation capability of an industrainl Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was enhanced by adaptive evolution. Eight homozygots were generated by tetrads dissection.
Comparative transcriptomes reveal novel evolutionary strategies adopted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with improved xylose utilization capability.
Genetic information
View SamplesThe xylose fermentation capability of an industrainl Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was enhanced by adaptive evolution. Eight homozygots were generated by tetrads dissection.
Comparative transcriptomes reveal novel evolutionary strategies adopted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with improved xylose utilization capability.
Genetic information
View SamplesThe xylose fermentation capability of an industrainl Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was enhanced by adaptive evolution. Eight homozygots were generated by tetrads dissection.
Comparative transcriptomes reveal novel evolutionary strategies adopted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with improved xylose utilization capability.
Genetic information
View SamplesThe xylose fermentation capability of an industrainl Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was enhanced by adaptive evolution. Eight homozygots were generated by tetrads dissection.
Comparative transcriptomes reveal novel evolutionary strategies adopted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with improved xylose utilization capability.
Genetic information
View SamplesThe xylose fermentation capability of an industrainl Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was enhanced by adaptive evolution. Eight homozygots were generated by tetrads dissection.
Comparative transcriptomes reveal novel evolutionary strategies adopted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with improved xylose utilization capability.
Genetic information
View SamplesThe xylose fermentation capability of an industrainl Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was enhanced by adaptive evolution. Eight homozygots were generated by tetrads dissection.
Comparative transcriptomes reveal novel evolutionary strategies adopted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with improved xylose utilization capability.
Genetic information
View Samples