PTEN imparts tumor suppression in mice by cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Whether these two tumor suppressor roles are mediated through similar or distinct signaling pathways is not known. Here we generated and analyzed knockin mice that express a series of human cancer-derived mutant alleles of PTEN in either stromal or tumor cell compartments of mammary glands. We find that cell non-autonomous tumor suppression by Pten in stromal fibroblasts strictly requires activation of P-Akt signaling, whereas cell autonomous tumor suppression in epithelial tumor cells is independent of overt canonical pathway activation
Noncatalytic PTEN missense mutation predisposes to organ-selective cancer development in vivo.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesWe compared the aorta of 6-weeks-old mice (young) with 18-months-old mice (old). Using the publicly available tools Sylamer and DIANA-mirExTra, we identified an enrichment for miR-29 binding sites in the 3'UTR of genes downregulated in the aged aortas. We subsequently showed that inhibition of miR-29 in aged mice prevented dilation of the aorta.
MicroRNA-29 in aortic dilation: implications for aneurysm formation.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesRegulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress a wide variety of cell types, in diverse organ sites and inflammatory conditions. While Tregs possess multiple suppressive mechanisms, the number required for maximal function is unclear. Furthermore, whether any inter-relationship orcross-regulatory mechanisms exist that areused to orchestrate and control their utilization is unknown. Here we assessed the functional capacity of Tregs lacking the ability to secrete both interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-35, which individually are required for maximal Treg activity. Surprisingly, IL-10/IL-35-double deficient Tregswere fully functionalin vitro and in vivo. Loss of IL-10 and IL-35 was compensated for by a concurrent increase in cathepsin E (CTSE) expression, enhanced TRAIL (Tnfsf10)expression and soluble TRAIL release, rendering IL-10/IL-35-double deficient Tregsfunctionally dependent on TRAIL in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, while C57BL/6 Tregs are IL-10/IL-35-dependent, Balb/c Tregs, which express high levels of CTSE and enhanced TRAIL expression, are TRAIL-dependent.These data reveal that cross-regulatory pathways exist, which control the utilization of suppressive mechanisms,thereby providing Tregfunctional plasticity.
The plasticity of regulatory T cell function.
Specimen part
View SamplesAnalyzing the kenetics of alveolar macrophage turnover after human lung transplantation and identifying protein and transcriptional differences between donor and recipient-derived alveolar macrophages Overall design: Bulk RNA sequencing performed from FACS sorted donor and recipient-derived alveolar macrophages derived from the bronchoalveolar lavage of lung transplant recipients, defined as CD45+, Live, lineage negative, CD64+CD206+ cells.
Rate of recipient-derived alveolar macrophage development and major histocompatibility complex cross-decoration after lung transplantation in humans.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Dynamic regulatory network controlling TH17 cell differentiation.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThe cancer-risk associated rs6983267 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the accompanying long non-coding RNA CCAT2 in the highly amplified 8q24.21 region has been implicated in cancer predisposition, though causality has not been established. Here, using allele-specific CCAT2 transgenic mice, we demonstrate that CCAT2 overexpression leads to spontaneous myeloid malignancies. CCAT2 is overexpressed in bone marrow and peripheral blood of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) patients. CCAT2 induces global deregulation of gene expression by downregulating EZH2 in vitro and in vivo in an allele-specific manner. We also identified a novel disease-specific RNA mutation (named DNA-to-RNA allelic imbalance, DRAI) at the SNP locus in MDS/MPN patients and CCAT2-transgenic mice. The RNA transcribed from the SNP locus in malignant hematopoietic cells have different allelic composition from the corresponding genomic DNA, a phenomenon rarely observed in normal cells. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the functional role of rs6983267 SNP and CCAT2 in myeloid malignancies.
Cancer-associated rs6983267 SNP and its accompanying long noncoding RNA <i>CCAT2</i> induce myeloid malignancies via unique SNP-specific RNA mutations.
Specimen part
View Samples