NOTCH proteins regulate signaling pathways involved in cellular differentiation, proliferation and death. Overactive Notch signaling as been observed in numerous cancers and has been extensively studied in the context of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) where more than 50% of pateints harbour mutant NOTCH1. Small molecule modulators of these proteins would be important for understanding the role of NOTCH proteins in malignant and normal biological processes.
Direct inhibition of the NOTCH transcription factor complex.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplesProliferating C2C12 myoblasts were induced to differentiate into myotubes and then infected with adenovirus expressing E1A (Ad-E1A), which induces cell cycle re-entry and dedifferentiation.
Differentiation-associated microRNAs antagonize the Rb-E2F pathway to restrict proliferation.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Time
View SamplesThe TP53 transcription factor is frequently mutated at later stages of epithelial cancers, indicating a possible role in their invasion and metastasis. Importantly, in most cases rather than a simple loss of function p53 mutation, point mutations of p53 accumulate at the protein level and may have dominant negative functions. This study analyses gene expression differences between mice harbouring p53 mutation who do and do not develop metastasis.
Targeting the LOX/hypoxia axis reverses many of the features that make pancreatic cancer deadly: inhibition of LOX abrogates metastasis and enhances drug efficacy.
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View SamplesSkeletal muscle atrophy is a consequence of many diseases, environmental insults, inactivity, age and injury. Atrophy is characterized by active degradation and removal of contractile proteins and a reduction in fiber size. Animal models have been extensively used to identify pathways leading to atrophic conditions. Here we have used genome-wide expression profiling analysis and quantitative PCR to identify the molecular changes that occur in two clinically relevant animal mouse models of muscle atrophy, hindlimb casting and Achilles tendon laceration (tenotomy). Gastrocnemius muscle samples were collected 2, 7 and 14 days after insult. The total amount of muscle loss as measured by wet weight and muscle fiber size was equivalent between models, although tenotomy resulted in a more rapid induction of muscle atrophy. Furthermore, tentomy resulted in the regulation of significantly more mRNA transcripts then casting. Analysis of the regulated genes and pathways suggest that the mechanism of atrophy is distinct between these models. The degradation following casting appears ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated while degradation following tenotomy appears lysosomal and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated. This data suggests that there are multiple mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy and that specific therapeutic agents may be necessary to combat the atrophy seen under different conditions.
Distinct protein degradation profiles are induced by different disuse models of skeletal muscle atrophy.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View SamplesTo investigate the role of YAP/TAZ as factors able to convert differentiated cells into stem cells of the same tissue, we compared the expression profiles of mammary organoids (yOrg) obtained by doxycycline-inducible expression of YAP in luminal differentiated mammary cells with original luminal differentiated mammary cells (Lum) and organoids from native mammary stem cells (Org).
Induction of Expandable Tissue-Specific Stem/Progenitor Cells through Transient Expression of YAP/TAZ.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels regulate surface expression and gating of CaV1 and CaV2 1 subunits, and thus contribute to neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release and calcium-induced gene regulation. In addition certain subunits are targeted into the nucleus, where they directly interact with the epigenetic machinery. Whereas their involvement in this multitude of functions is reflected by a great molecular heterogeneity of isoforms derived from four genes and abundant alternative splicing, little is known about the roles of individual variants in specific neuronal functions. In the present study, an alternatively spliced 4 subunit lacking the variable N-terminus (4e) is identified. It is highly expressed in mouse cerebellum and cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGC) and modulates P/Q-type calcium currents in tsA cells and CaV2.1 surface expression in neurons. Compared to the other two known full-length 4 variants (4a, 4b) 4e is most abundantly expressed in the distal axon, but lacks nuclear targeting properties. To examine the importance of nuclear targeting of 4 subunits for transcriptional regulation, we performed whole genome expression profiling of CGCs from lethargic mice individually reconstituted with 4a, 4b, and 4e. Notably, the number of genes regulated by each 4 splice variant correlated with the rank order of their nuclear targeting properties (4b> 4a> 4e). Together these findings support isoform-specific functions of 4 splice variant in neurons, with 4b playing a dual role in channel modulation and gene regulation, while the newly detected 4e variant serves exclusively in calcium channel-dependent functions.
Differential neuronal targeting of a new and two known calcium channel β4 subunit splice variants correlates with their regulation of gene expression.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Sox9 Controls Self-Renewal of Oncogene Targeted Cells and Links Tumor Initiation and Invasion.
Specimen part
View SamplesSox9 is a transcription factor expressed in most solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Sox9 function during tumorigenesis remain unclear. Here, using a genetic mouse model of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most frequent cancer in human, we show that Sox9 is expressed from the earliest step of tumor formation in a Wnt/-catenin dependent manner. Deletion of Sox9 together with the constitutive activation of Hedgehog (HH) signaling completely prevents BCC formation and leads to a progressive loss of oncogene expressing cells. Transcriptional profiling of oncogene expressing cells with Sox9 deletion, combined with in vivo ChIP-sequencing uncovers a cancer-specific gene network regulated by Sox9 that promotes stemness, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and cytoskeleton remodeling while repressing epidermal differentiation. Our study identifies the molecular mechanisms regulated by Sox9 that links tumor initiation and invasion.
Sox9 Controls Self-Renewal of Oncogene Targeted Cells and Links Tumor Initiation and Invasion.
Specimen part
View SamplesAll highly and poorly permeable metastases from the same mouse brain were collected by laser capture microdissection. Total RNA from both metastatic lesions and immediate microenvironment was isolated from 5 mice bearing 231-BR metastases. As control 4 healthy mouse brains were included.
Reactive astrocytic S1P3 signaling modulates the blood-tumor barrier in brain metastases.
Subject
View SamplesThe C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse is a model for primary Sjgrens syndrome and was constructed by introducing two genetic intervals derived from the NOD mouse that confers Sjgrens syndrome (SjS)-like disease in SjS-non-susceptible C57BL/6 mice.
Transcriptional landscapes of emerging autoimmunity: transient aberrations in the targeted tissue's extracellular milieu precede immune responses in Sjögren's syndrome.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
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